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Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment-英文文献
Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming
in a Hard-Real-Time Environment
C. L. Liu
Pro ject MAC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
James W. Layland
Jet Propulsion Lab oratory, California Institute of Technology
Abstract
The problem of multiprogram scheduling on a single pro cessor is studied from the viewp oint
of the characteristics p eculiar to the program function that need guaranteed service. It is shown
that an optimum xed priority scheduler p ossesses an upp er b ound to pro cessor utilization
which may b e as low as 70 p ercent for large task sets. It is also shown that full pro cessor
utilization can b e achieved by dynamically assigning priorities on the basis of their current
deadlines. A combination of these two scheduling techniques is also discussed.
1 Intro duction
The use of computers for control and monitoring of industrial pro cesses has expanded greatly in
recent years, and will probably expand even more dramatically in the near future. Often, the
computer used in such an application is shared b etween a certain numb er of time-critical control
and monitor functions and a non-time-critical batch pro cessing job stream. In other applications,
however, no non-time-critical jobs exist, and eÆcient use of the computer can only b e achieved
by a careful scheduling of the time-critical control and monitor functions themselves. This latter
group might b
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