Chapter8Respiration（呼吸）.PDF

ChapterChapter 88 RespirationRespiration ((呼吸呼吸)) Respiration: The sum of processes that accomplish ongoing passivepassive movementmovement ofof OO fromfrom thethe atmosphereatmosphere toto 2 the tissues,, as well as the continual ppassive movement of metabolically produced CO2 from the tissues to the atmosphere. ((机体与环境之间的气体交换机体与环境之间的气体交换)) ExternalExternal respirationrespiration ((外呼吸外呼吸):): GasGas exchangeexchange inin lunglung betweenbetween environmentenvironment and blood. (外界环境与血液在肺部实现的气体交换.) Internal respiration ( 内呼吸): GGas exchange between blood and hiistocyte by tissuetissue fluid.fluid. ((血液通过组织液与组织细胞之间的气体交换.)) The pprocess of resppiration ((呼吸环节)) ： 1 Exteternaal respespiratatioon ((外呼吸外呼吸)) 2 Gas transport in blood (气体在血中的运输) 3 Internal respiration ( 内呼吸内呼吸) Section1 Human respiratory organ and pulmonary ventilation (人的呼吸器官与肺通气) Pulmonary ventilation (肺通气): ThThe vollume off aiir bbreaththedd iin andd outt iin one minute;minute; equalequal tidaltidal volumevolume timestimes respiratoryrespiratory rate.rate. (肺与外界之间的气体交换过程.) 1.Structure of pulmonary ventilation (肺通气的结构基础) (1)Respiratory tract (呼吸道) nose, pharynx, larynx (鼻 咽 喉) upper respiratory tract (上呼吸道) trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, terminal, bbronchihiolle ((气管气管、 支气管支气管、 细支气管细支气管 、 终末细支气终末细支气 管 ) • inferior respiratory tract (下呼吸道) • respiirattory bbronchihiolle, allveollar dductt, alveolaralveolar sac,sac, • pulmonary alveoli • (呼吸性细支气管、肺泡管、肺泡囊 、 肺泡) Fig 8-2 • Anatomical dead space (解剖死腔) Neural regulation (N调控控): Sympathetic nerve(交感N) Vagus nerve (迷走N) (2)(2)Pulmonary alveolii ((肺泡肺泡)) PulmonaryPulmonary alveolialveoli ((肺泡肺泡)) SurfaceSurface tensiontension ((表面张力表面张力)) 液液—气界面气界面 Function:Function: reducingreducing thethe