unit 19Grammar-Indirect Speech.pptVIP

Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech * 直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and Indirect Speech) （一）定义 直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接。间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句连接。 eg: 1. Direct: He said,“We are going to see Romeo and Juliet this evening.” 他说：“今天晚上我们要去看《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。” Indirect: He said that they were going to see Romeo and Juliet that evening. 。 2. Direct:“If I’m free today,” she said,“I’ll read over it.” “如果今天有空，”她说：“我就读完它。” Indirect: She said if she free that day she would read over it. 由例句可以看出，直接引语变间接引语时，不仅要用宾语从句表达，增加连词that等，而且句中的人称，时态，指示代词，时间状语，地点状语等都要作相应变化。其变化为： （1）人称代词的变化 一般地说，除引述本人原话外，通常把直接引语中的第一、二人称代词变为间接引语中的第三人称代词。有时第二人称代词可变为间接引语中的第一人称代词，或根据具体情况保持不变。 I told Tom,“I don’t agree with you.” →I told Tom that I didn’t agree with him. Mary said,“I’ll call again after supper.” →Mary said that she would call again after supper. （2）时态的变化 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时（客观事实，真理等除外） 现在进行时 ----过去进行时 现在完成时 ----过去完成时 一般过去时 ----过去完成时 过去完成时 ----过去完成时 一般将来时 ----过来将来时  注：若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句中的谓语动词要作相应变化；若主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无须变化。 3）指示代词，时间状语，地点状语及动词的变化 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 thisthese thatthose 时间状语 nowtodaythis week (month, etc.)yesterdaylast week (month, etc.)three days(a year, etc.)ago/ tomorrownext week (month, etc.) thenthat daythat week (month, etc.)the day beforethe week (month, etc.) beforethree days (a year, etc.) beforethe next/ following daythe next/ following week(month, etc.) 地点状语 here there 动词 come go （二）直接引语和间接引语的转换 1.陈述句/感叹句：去掉冒号，引号，用that引导宾语从句。 eg: He said,“I’m going to Beijing.”→ He said that he was going to Beijing. “What a lovely girl!”They said.→They said that she was a lovely girl. 2.一般疑问句/反意疑问句：去冒号和引号，用if/whether接宾语从句，且用陈述语序。 eg: He asked,“Are you a teacher?”→He asked me if/ whether I was a teacher. 3.特殊疑问句：去冒号和引号，由原疑问词引导宾语从句，且用陈述语序。 eg: She said,“What are you doing?”→She asked me what I was doing. 4.祈使句：转述时通常改为“ask (want, beg, tell, order)+宾语+动词不定式”的简单句。 eg: He said,“Please turn on the light.”→He asked me to turn on the