换刀机器人机械系统的设计说明书.doc

摘 要 在当今大规模制造业中，企业为提高生产效率，保障产品质量，普遍重视生产过程的自动化程度，机械手作为自动化生产线上的重要成员，逐渐被企业所认同并采用。机械手的技术水平和应用程度在一定程度上反映了一个国家工业自动化的水平，目前，机械手主要承担着焊接、喷涂、搬运以及堆垛等重复性并且劳动强度极大的工作，工作方式一般采取示教再现的方式。 本文将设计一台四自由度的机械手，主要的功用就是自动换刀。主要是实现加工中心自动换刀系统的设计。通过分析加工中心的整体结构和自动换刀系统的特点、应用条件，设计要求等，并结合在数控机床上对刀库和换刀机械手的需要——能在数控程序的控制下灵活的实现换刀过程。刀库为立式单链式刀库。驱动装置采用电机液压驱动；设计的换刀机械手为回转式单臂双手机械手，手指采用弹簧销压紧式，驱动装置采用液压双???用缸。根据机械手和刀库位置的需要，设计机械手在机床上下移动装置，以实现多排刀架上的刀与主轴上的刀之间的交换。结合工厂实际，该自动换刀系统在数控的控制下能灵活的完成换刀程序，节省了时间、提高了效率、安全可靠。 关键词 ：机械手；加工中心；刀库；自动换刀  Abstract In the modern large-scale manufacturing industry, enterprises pay more attention on the automation degree of the production process in order to enhance the production efficiency, and guarantee the product quality. As an important part of the automation production line, industrial robots are gradually approved and adopted by enterprises. The technique level and the, application degree of industrial robots reflect the national level of the industrial automation to some extent, currently, industrial robots mainly undertake the jops of welding, spraying, transporting and stowing etc, which are usually done repeatedly and take high work strength, and most of these robots work in playback way. In this paper I will design an industrial robot with four DOFs, which is used to carry material for a punch. The subject is to design numerically controlled tool-changing manipulator and numerically controlled tool-magazine. In this progress, the project synthesizes the characteristic and utility condition of numerically controlled tool-changing manipulator and numerically controlled tool-magazine . Numerically controlled tool-changing manipulator adopts rotary single arm and spring pin numerically controlled tool-magazine adopts vertical tool-magazine . Driving gear uses hydraulic cylinder .in a word ,the tool-magazine and the manipulator can do efficiently .reliably and quickly. Key word : Tool-changing manipulator; Machining Center; Tool-magazine; Automatic Tool Changer  目 录 TO