igcse济学单元对私人生产者影响.pdf

UNIT 31 – THE AIMS OF ERNMENT By of the unit students should be able to ex in: the main aims of ernment, particularly with regards to: unemployment, price stability, economic growth, distribution of e, and the balance of payments. REVISION WORK Activity 2 – p. 315 Multiple Choice Questions – p. 317 UNIT 32 – THE ERNMENT’S INFLUENCE PAL Economics ON PRIVATE PRODUCERS ERNMENT INFLUEN •The ernments uses policies to achieve their macroeconomic aims. •These policies effect private producers • How might a ernment to subsidise an industry affect the private producers in that industry? • How might taxation designed to improve the environment effect private producers? ERNMENT MACROECONOMIC POLICIES The three main types of ernment macroeconomic policies are : • Fiscal • M ary •Supply side FISCAL POLIC •If the economy is at point C, how might ernment improve economic growth? •Fiscal involves ernment spending and taxation. ERNMENT SPENDING What does the ernment spend money on? • Benefit payments – for the unemployed, retired, and sick/disabled. • Education • Healthcare •Transport/economy infrastructure • Defence • Interest on national debt THE ERNMENTS’ •Can anyone remember what a budget surplus is? •This is where ernment expenditure is less than revenue. •How about a ernment deficit? •This is where ernment expenditure is more than revenue. •How does the ernment pay for a budget deficit? •Through borrowing. •What is a balanced budget? FISCAL POLIC •Why might a