神经系统(英文版)课件.ppt

(1)Macroglia: Astrocyte Ependymal cells Oligodendrocyte (2)Microglia Fundamental functioning manner of the nervous system: reflex, the structural basis of which is the reflex arc. peripheral receptor (2)afferent nerve or sensory neurons (3)central part or internuncial neurons (4)efferent nerve or motor neuron, (5)terminal effector Terminology (1)Nucleus and grey matter: A nucleus神经核 is a fairly compact group of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites, of more or less similar form and function, located inside the CNS. The neuronal cell bodies and dendrites may form more extensive layers or masses in the CNS collectively called grey matter灰质. (2)Cortex and medullary substance: The continuous sheet of grey matter covering the surface of the cerebrum and cerebellum is called the cortex皮质. The medullary substance, or medulla髓质 is a central core of white matter beneath the cortex of the cerebrum and cerebellum. (3)Tracts and white matter: Bundles of nerve fibres in the CNS tend to be grouped separately to form tracts, or fasciculi纤维束. In the brain and spinal cord, concentrations of tracts constitute the white matter白质, so called because the axons are often ensheathed in myelin which glistens white in the fresh state. (4)Ganglion:In the PNS, the cell bodies and processes of neurons are grouped together as ganglia神经节(swellings). Sensory ganglion cells in dorsal roots of spinal nerves and some cranial nerves give off both centrally and peripherally directed processes, and do not have synapses on their cell bodies, whilst ganglionic neurons of the viscersl nervous system receive synaptic contacts from various sources. (5)Nerve: In the PNS, a nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers together with supporting connective tissue. Most of nerves have a whitish appearance because of their myelin content. There are three connective tissue sheaths in peripheral nerves. They are, from inside out, the endoneurium神经内膜, perineurium神经束膜, and epineurium神经外膜. The connective tissue sheaths