小黑麦的水分含量对麦子自热以及筒仓舱壁压力的影响.doc

PAGE / NUMPAGES Ｉnt． Aｇrophysics，　200１，　15， 2４7—254 INTERＮＡTIONAＬ Agroｐhyｓics Effect ｏf　the　ｔｒiticale　graｉn　mｏiｓture conｔent on　the　spontaneoｕs heaｔinｇ of gｒaiｎ and oｎ the　presｓure ａgａｉnsｔ　the　silo wａｌｌ E。 Ｋuｓiｎｓka Deparｔｍeｎt　of Enｇineering ａnd Machinery，Ｕniversiｔy ｏf　Agricｕlture，　Doswiadczａlna 44， ２０－2３6 Lｕｂlin　 Reｃeived Ｏｃｔober 9, ２00０； acceptｅd Maｙ 29， ２001　 Ａbｓtracｔ.Ｔhe auｔhor preseｎts　tｈe rｅsｕlts of studies ｏｎ ｔｈｅ temperatｕrｅ and hｏrｉzｏnｔal preｓsｕｒe ｏf tritｉcａle　ｇrain in a　model　siｌo.　The studies iｎcludｅｄ grain ｗith ａn inｉtiａｌ　moisturｅ cｏntｅｎt　of 1３， 16　and 18％ w．ｂ. The　grain stoｒagｅ duraｔｉｏn ｗas 2５　ｄays． The study　showed ｔｈat　gｒaｉｎ teｍｐeraｔｕｒe ｉs afｆｅcteｄ bｙ　itｓ　iｎitｉal mｏisｔｕｒe　ｃontｅnt． Thｅ higheｓt ｔemperature vａlｕes werｅ obsｅrved in grain wiｔh　ａｎ initiａl　moisture　ｃｏnｔenｔ oｆ 18％ w．b． Alｓo， ａ higher initial　mｏisｔｕｒe ｃoｎtent　rｅｓultｓ in gｒｅater ｉncｒeases ｉn ｐｒｅssuｒe. Keywords: tｒitiｃalｅ, ｍoisｔure content,　ｓiｌo, heａtiｎg ＩＮTRＯDUCTIOＮ Tｅmpeｒature anｄ moiｓｔurｅ conteｎt　arｅ the most important faｃtoｒｓ ａｆfecting graｉｎ ｑuａｌitｙ iｎ the ｃourse ｏｆ its　storaｇｅ. Sｅasonａｌ and diurnal variａｔion in tｅmperａtｕre have a negative　effect on stｏred grain， ｃaｕse　ｗater　ｍiｇraｔion and chａngeｓ in　its diｓtribuｔiｏn wｉｔhｉn the　mａｔｅｒiａl storｅｄ。 Thｅ aｃcurａｔe pｒedictｉon　of moisture conｔｅnt　aｎd　the temperaｔｕrｅ of ｇrａｉn iｎ sｔorage is　neｃessaｒy ｆor　the efｆective contrｏｌ of　ｔhe　proｃess　of ｖenｔiｌation, ａppliｅｄ　to proviｄe　optiｍum　storａｇe cｏｎditioｎｓ for gｒaiｎ ａｎｄ the ｍiｎimizｉng　ｏｆ cｏｎｄitions ｆor ｉnｆestａtiｏｎ bｙ insects　［2］。 Thｅ fｒee migrａtion　of water ｄepｅｎｄｓ　on　a ｎuｍｂer ｏf　faｃtｏrs —ｔｈe ｋiｎd ａnｄ qｕality of　grａｉn　ｉn sｔorａge， tｈe sｉzｅ and shaｐe ｏｆ tｈｅ　ｇｒaiｎ， its　ｔempeｒａture，　ｉnitiａl moiｓtuｒｅ conｔenｔ,　and　aｔmosｐheric coｎdｉtions． Iｔ ａｌｓo depeｎds on thｅ durａtｉoｎ ｏf　sｔorage, as ｗeｌl as ｏｎ the sorptive anｄ　ｄｉｆfusive properｔieｓ oｆ thｅ ｇｒａｉｎ.　Ｔhose factors　cause　ｔｈｅ　procｅss of ｗaｔer mｉgｒatｉｏn ｔo ｂe unstablｅ．　Water tendｓ ｔｏ migrate from　waｒmer ｔo ｃoolｅr　ａｒeas ｗithin gｒain mass．　Ｔhe　mｉｇrａtｉon　rate ｉs faster