lecture一并列结构与并列句.pdf

一、并列结构与并列句 英文中的句子从句子结构的角度来看，主要 有3种类型 句子类型 句子特点 简单句 只有一套主谓结构的句子 由并列连词把简单句连接而成 并列句 的句子 由连词引导的一个句子充当句 子的某个成分，这个由连词引 复合句 导的句子称为从句，所以这里 的连词称为从属连词 1.对比转折关系 并列连词：but,while,yet,whereas,on the other hand,however,nevertheless等 ①Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.(剑6) ②At first it may have been grains or pebbles but now it is a memorized sequence or words that happened to be the names of the numbers.(剑6) 注：1.while可以和whereas互换 2.however为adv,后面要有， 3.可以说and yet, 不能说and but 2.因果关系 so,for,as a result, as a consequence, consequently, therefore, thus, thereby, hence as a result of, because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, on the ground of (根据),on account of( 由于), in view of(就...而言)等 ①As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have e stars and celebrities.(剑6) ②Childrens health was not on the curriculum during the womens lessons, so he and his colleagues are looking at other factors.(剑6) 注：for表示的原因很弱，通常不放在句首。 二、名词性从句 注：有从句就有主句。主句、从句一起形成 主从复合句，或者称为复合句。 所谓名词性从句，就是从句的地位相当于一 个名词，比如名词在句子中可以充当主语， 所以用句子充当主语就是一个主语从句；同 样如果用句子充当宾语就是一个宾语从句。 名词性从句：1.主语从句 2.宾语从句 3.表语从句 4. 同位语从句 1.主语从句 1.that引导主语从句 that是主语从句中最常见的引导词。注意that 做引导词时，如果主语从句放在句首，that即 使在主语从句中不充当任何成分也不能省略。 为了避免头重脚轻，that引导的主语从句有时 会放到句子的后半部分，而将形式主语it放在 句首。 ①That corporal punishment produces some negative effects on childrens mental and physical health is undeniable. =It is undeniable that corporal punishment