计算机操作系统原理课件（双语）.pptx

Chap 1 Introduction 引论 What is an operating system?什么是操作系统？Simple Batch Systems简单批处理系统Multiprogramming Batched Systems多道程序批处理系统Time-Sharing Systems分时系统Personal-Computer Systems 个人计算机系统Parallel Systems并行系统Real -Time Systems实时系统Distributed Systems分布式系统Embedded System嵌入式操作系统Example of OS操作系统举例Summary(总结)Homework作业Contents内容 What is an Operating System?什么是操作系统？A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware. 在计算机用户和计算机硬件之间起媒介作用的一种程序。Operating system purpose :Provide an environment in which a user can execute program.Operating system goals: 操作系统目标Make the computer system convenient to use. 使计算机系统更易使用。Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner. 以一种高效率的方式使用硬件。 Computer System Components计算机系统部件Hardware硬件 – provides basic computing resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices).提供基本的运算资源Operating system操作系统 – controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the various users.在各种应用程序和用户之间控制与协调对硬件的使用Applications programs 应用程序– define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users (compilers, database systems, video games, business programs).定义解决用户问题的资源使用方式（编译、数据库、视频游戏、事务程序等） Users (people, machines, other computers)用户（人、机、其他计算机）. Abstract View of System Components系统部件的抽象观点 Operating System Definitions操作系统定义Resource allocator 资源分配者 – manages and allocates resources.管理和分配资源Control program 控制程序– controls the execution of user programs and operations of I/O devices .控制用户程序的运行和I/O设备的操作Kernel 内核– the one program running at all times (all else being application programs).在全时运行的一个程序（其他的是应用） Simple Batch Systems简单批处理系统Hire an operator雇一个操作员User ? operator用户?操作员Add a card reader添加卡片阅读机Reduce setup time by batching similar jobs批量处理同类作业减少了设置时间Automatic job sequencing 自动作业调度– automatically transfers control from one job to another. First rudimentary operating system.自动把控制从一个作业转到另一个作业。第一个基本操作系统。Resident monitor常驻管理程序initial control in mon