英语专业《高级英语》中的修辞格.pdfVIP

An Introduction to Figures of Speech(修辞格) and Rhetorical Devices(修辞手法) 1. Simile(明喻) Simile is an expression of comparison between two different things. It is usually introduced by “as” or “like”, and sometimes also by “as…as/as…so”, and “resemble” as the signs of comparison. 明喻就是打比方，指一事物像另一事物的修辞格。常用的比喻词有 “as” or “like”, and sometimes also by “as…so /as…as”, and “resemble”等 1). Mercy drops as the gentle rain from heaven upon the place beneath. ——Shakespeare 2). The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. 3). Self-criticism is as necessary to us as air to water. 4). As a man whispers, so the breeze makes a low, hissing sound. 5) Learning resembles scaling the heights. 2. Metaphor(隐喻/ 暗喻) Metaphor contains an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily or primarily used of one thing is applied to another. In other words, it calls one thing by the name of another or one thing is described in terms of another. 隐喻是一种隐含着比喻的修辞格，它直接把一种事物比为另一种事物，不用比喻词，通常 比较含蓄。 1). The imperialists and all reactionaries are paper tigers. (All reactionaries and paper tigers are two entirely different things, but they are surprisingly alike in one respect: in appearance they both look strong and terrible, but in fact they are weak and can be easily crushed and defeated.) 2). The night had a thousand eyes. (We think of the stars as if they were the eyes of a human being, and this produces a beautiful picture.) 3). There was a stormy discussion at our last meeting. 4). The sunshine of happiness is made up of very little beams 5). All the world’ a stage, And all the men and women merely players.(Shakespeare) 6). Because of his wealth, he was a fountain of generosity to his relatives and friends. 3. Personification(拟人)