小型牧草收割机的设计文献综述.doc

PAGE 1 文 献 综 述 小型牧草收割机的设计 摘要：随着农村产业结构的调整,养殖业比例的不断增加,与之相应的牧草种植不断扩大. ?仅黑龙江省现有自然牧草地33.70万公顷，另外还有可垦荒地56.23万公顷，其中37%可改良为牧草地。但我省的牧草收割多以人工为主,工作效率低,作业成本高,而且一年要割四至五茬,劳动强度非常大,新兴的牧草种植业急需经济实用的小型牧草收割机。 通过文献资料对国内外牧草机械的现状及发展有一定的了解；同时介绍了目前国内外常使用的牧草收割机及各自的特点及还需解决的问题和牧草收获机械的发展前景；切割器是各种牧草收割机上最重要的工作部件，下面也简要介绍了几种常用切割器的特点。 关键词： 牧草收割机；切割器；传动装置 Design of Construction Mini-type Herbage Harvester Abstract: As a result of the adjustment of the infrastructure of agriculture production ,the portion of livestock production in agriculture is ever increasing , and the corresponding farming area for herbage is constantly expanded. Only in Heilongjiang Province, it exists natural pastures 337,000 hectares,and also has reclaiming wasteland 562,300 hectares, 37% of which can be improved to the pastures. But our province’ herbage harvesting many by the man-power primarily , Herbage harvesting is generally performed manually 4 to 5 times each year ,having low productivity ,high cost and labor intensity. The newly emerging herbage industry is urgently demanding economical mini-type herbage harvester. Through literature we have a certain understanding of the current situation and development on herbage machinery at home and abroad .Meanwhile it introduces several herbage harvester which often use at home and abroad with their characteristics and the problems that need to be solved, and also introduces devlopment prospects of herbage machinery .Herbage cutting is the most important part of kinds of herbage harvesters. The following is a brief summary of several cutting requirements’ characteristics. Key words: herbage ; cutting requirement ; Transmission device 引言： 随着农村产业结构的调整，全国养殖业的比例不断增加，与之相应的牧草种植面积不断扩大，仅黑龙江省的现有自然牧草地33.70万公顷，另外还有可垦荒地56.23万公顷，其中37%可改良为牧草地，作为后备牧草资源。这些草地多数呈条状、块状分布，大面积的草地为数不多，草地草原差，适口性一般。而且牧草收割多以人工为主，工作效率低，作业成本高，而且一年要割四至五茬，劳动强度大，新兴的牧草种植业急需经济实用的小型牧草收割机。 目前国内外现有的牧草收割机械，按切割器的形式主要分为往复式和旋转式两种,工作幅宽2-6米，工作效率5-18亩/小时，配套动力为9-50KW，这些机具主要为大型牧场使用，成本较高，不适合中小型牧场使用。 一、 牧草收割机研究的背景 我国经过20多年的改革开放，国民经济已进入