新教材牛津译林版选择性必修第一册各单元重点语法.doc

牛津译林版选择性必修第一册重点语法 TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Unit 1 Food Matters - 1 - Unit 2 The universal language - 4 - Unit 3 The art of painting - 9 - Unit 4 Exploring poetry - 12 - Unit 1 Food Matters 不定式作主语和表语 [观察例句]　 观察黑体部分在句中的语法作用 1．To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 作主语 2．Her job is to take care of the children in the kindergarten. 作表语 3．To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe. 作主语 4．To have known you is a privilege. 作主语 5．The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. 作表语 [归纳用法]　 一、不定式作主语 1．动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。例如： To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操有利于我们的健康。 To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天扫地是我的责任。 2．如果动词不定式太长，常常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。例如： It took me half an hour to walk there. 我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。 It's important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说，学好英语是重要的。 [即学即练1]　单句语法填空 ①It is difficult for us to finish(finish) writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. ②To finish(finish) this job in one day is impossible. 二、不定式作表语 1．表示目的。 The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required. 下一步你要弄清楚真正需要的是什么。 2．表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。 He was to perish in a shipwreck and to leave his wife and two children. 后来他在一次船只失事中死了，留下了妻子和两个孩子。 3．用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求意见。 What am I to say if they ask me the question? 要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢？ What am I to do if I have no money? 如果没有钱，我该怎么办呢？ 4．用于被动语态，相当于can/could，should，ought to，must，具有情态意义。 You are to be rewarded. 你应该受到奖励。(should) It's nowhere to be found. 哪儿也找不到它。(can't be) 5．表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等。 They are to marry next week. 他们将在下周结婚。(安排) Children are not to smoke. 儿童不准吸烟。(禁止) 6．不定式作表语，可用主动形式表示被动意义。 She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。 A great deal is yet to do. 还有许多事要做。 [即学即练2]　单句语法填空 ①You must speak out，if we are to remain(remain) friends. ②You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed (succeed)． ③You are to die(die) at ninety-eight. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．To do(do) two things at a time is to do neither. 2．What I would suggest is to start(start) work at once. 3