新教材牛津译林版高中英语必修第三册全册各单元重点语法汇总.doc

牛津译林版必修第三册重点语法 TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Unit 1 Nature in the balance - 1 - Unit 2 Natural disasters - 6 - Unit 3 The world online - 10 - Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world - 18 - Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar and usage 省略 为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或几个成分，这种语法现象叫省略。 [观察例句] ①(You)Come in，please! ②(Are you)OK? ③(You come)This way，please. ④John is a lawyer，and his wife (is)a cleaner. ⑤The boy wanted to play football in the street，but his mother did not allow him to(play football in the street). ⑥His advice made me happy，but (his advice made)Jim angry. ⑦You'd better look out when (you are)crossing the street. ⑧He is the man (who/whom/that)you can depend on. ⑨He said (that)the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. [归纳用法] 一、简单句中的省略 1．省略主语：主要是祈使句中的you (如例①)。 2．省略主语和谓语的一部分(如例②)；主语和谓语都很明确时，可将二者同时省略(如例③)。 3．省略宾语：当前后两个句子的宾语一致时，后句常省略宾语。 —Do you know Miss Gao? —I don't know (Miss Gao). [即学即练1]　补全下列省略句 ①Have a seat，please! You have a seat，please! ②Looks like rain. It looks like rain. ③Understand? Do you understand? 二、并列句中的省略 在由and或but等连接的并列句中，常省略重复的部分。 1．省略重复的动词(如例④) 2．省略重复的短语(如例⑤) 3．省略重复的主语与谓语动词(如例⑥) [即学即练2]　写出下列句中可以省略的部分 ①Some of us study Japanese，and others study English.others后的study ②Let's do the dishes.I wash the dishes and you dry the dishes.wash和dry后的the dishes ③He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't have a knowledge of first aid.doesn't 后的 have a knowledge of first aid 三、复合句中的省略 1．状语从句中的省略 (1)在when，while，if，as if，though，although，as，until，once，whether，unless，whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be时，从句中主语和be动词常被省略(如例⑦)。 (2)当状语从句的主语为it时，从句中主语和be动词常被省略。 They don't use more water than (it is)necessary. 他们不会用太多水。 (3)当比较状语从句的谓语与主句中的相同时，从句中谓语常被省略。 He runs as fast as Bob (runs). 他跑的和Bob一样快。 [即学即练3] (1)把下列句子改为省略句 ①If it is so，I hope you will have a wonderful time. →If so，I hope you will have a wonderful time. ②The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou. →The winters in Hangzhou are not so