语言学基础名词英英释义.docVIP

Phonetics Phonetics ( from the HYPERLINK /wiki/Greek_language \o Greek language Greek: HYPERLINK /wiki/%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AE \o wikt:φων? φων?, phōnē, sound, voice) is a branch of HYPERLINK /wiki/Linguistics \o Linguistics linguistics that comprises the study of the HYPERLINK /wiki/Sound \o Sound sounds of human HYPERLINK /wiki/Speech \o Speech speech, or—in the case of HYPERLINK /wiki/Sign_languages \o Sign languages sign languages—the equivalent aspects of sign. HYPERLINK /wiki/Phonetics \l cite_note-1#cite_note-1 It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds or signs ( HYPERLINK /wiki/Phone_(phonetics) \o Phone (phonetics) phones): their physiological production, acoustic properties, auditory perception, and neurophysiological status. Phonology, on the other hand, is concerned with the abstract, grammatical characterization of systems of sounds or signs. The field of phonetics is a multilayered subject of HYPERLINK /wiki/Linguistics \o Linguistics linguistics that focuses on speech. In the case of oral languages there are three basic areas of study: HYPERLINK /wiki/Articulatory_phonetics \o Articulatory phonetics Articulatory phonetics: the study of the production of speech sounds by the articulatory and vocal tract by the speaker HYPERLINK /wiki/Acoustic_phonetics \o Acoustic phonetics Acoustic phonetics: the study of the physical transmission of speech sounds from the speaker to the listener HYPERLINK /wiki/Auditory_phonetics \o Auditory phonetics Auditory phonetics: the study of the reception and perception of speech sounds by the listener Consonant In HYPERLINK /wiki/Articulatory_phonetics \o Articulatory phonetics articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a HYPERLINK /wiki/Speech_sound \o Speech sound speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the HYPERLINK /wiki/Vocal_tract \o Vocal tract vocal tract. Examples are [p], pronounced with the lips; [t], pronounced with the front of the tongue; [k], pron