argument 由此及彼.doc

1.22 Argument-由此及彼--一个东西怎么怎么好, 或者其采用了什么措施, 我们也应该这样做--这是比较引论中的一个子类别 002-0 2.The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deerhaven Acres to all homeowners in Deerhaven Acres. "Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the community's yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting." 七年前，附近的Brookville社区的业主实施了一系列关于该社区的庭院应如何布置以及房屋应涂何种颜色的规定。从那以后，Brookville的地产平均价格翻了三番。为使Deerhaven Acres的地产升值，我们也应该对于景观和房屋涂色实施自己的规定。 1.作者没有提供证据说明产地价格升三倍一定是改变外观的结果，可能是别的措施 2.没有信息表明Deerhaven Acres和Brookville是可以比较的，可能…… 3.其他因素：没有说明当地居民的传统习俗是否抵制使用相同的外观；其次，规定外观是否有其他不良影响，难以辨别自己的家等 1.The committee fails to substantiate the assumption that this course of action was responsible for the increase in Brookville property values. (post hoc, ergo propter hoc) 2.The committee fails to consider possible differences between Brookville and Deerhaven that might help to bring about a different result for Deerhaven. (false analogy) 3.Many factors that could influence property value may change during these years, and the committee fails to rule out these factors.(inferring future condition from past condition) 4.The proposed action may result in some undesired consequences.(adv:disadv) 5.The proposed action may be opposed by some homeowners, or may not be effectively executed by all the homeowners in Deerhaven Acres.(feasibility of the conclusion) 016-0 16.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper from a citizen of the state of Impecunia. "Two years ago our neighboring state, Lucria, began a state lottery to supplement tax revenues for education and public health. Today, Lucria spends more per pupil than we do, and Lucria's public health program treats far more people