多功能智能小车的硬件设计（毕业论文）.doc

摘 要 本课题制作了一款具有多功能的智能小车，通过设计电子智能小车的机械结构，在此平台上采用超声波测量小车与前方障碍的距离并通过液晶显示，同时运用 PWM调速，完成自动巡线和通过PC端控制软件蓝牙无线遥控智能小车的功能，并且具有运行状态的声光指示功能。完成整个系统的硬件设计和上位机软件设计。而且使本智能小车具有较好的人车交互界面，稳定性和美观性。 本设计以两减速直流电动机为主驱动，通过红外传感器来采集地面路径信息，送入主控单元STC89C52单片机，处理数据后完成相应动作，达到自身控制，电机驱动电路采用L298N驱动芯片，以此实现巡黑线的功能；通过超声波传感器，单片机作出相应的处理，完成测距的功能，通过LCD1602实时显示距离；通过设计上位机控制软件，通过按键给串口蓝牙发送机发送数据，发送机再给串口蓝牙接收机发送数据，建立连接，小车上单片机通过解码处理，给出相应的控制信号，实现智能小车的短距离的无线控制。 本课题具有较好的趣味性，可以作为高级智能玩具，同时相当于简易机器人，可以作为我们大学生学习嵌入式控制的强有力的应用实例。 关键字：单片机 传感器 PWM 超声波 无线蓝牙 ABSTRACT This topic has produced a multi-functional smart car, smart car through the design of the mechanical electronic structure, on the platform and the car in front of the ultrasonic measuring the distance between obstacles and through the liquid crystal display, while the use of PWM speed control of auto transmission line and adoption of the PC-side Bluetoo - th wireless remote control software features smart car, and has run the state of sound and light indicator. Complete the hardware design and PC software design. And the smart car has a better interface of people and vehicles, stability and aesthetics.  The design of the two main drive gear DC motor, through the ground path of infrared sensors to collect information into the main control unit STC89C52 microcontroller, to pr - ocess data to complete the appropriate action, to achieve their own control, motor drive circuit L298N driver chip, thereby achieving black line patrol functions; by ultrasonic se - nsors, microcontroller processing accordingly complete the ranging function, real-time di - splay by LCD1602 distance; through the design of PC control software, key to the serial port through the Bluetooth transmitter to send data to give the serial transmitter Bluetooth receiver to send data to establish the connection, the small car MCU through the decoding process, corresponding control signals, intelligent car of the short-range wireless control.  This topic has good fun, can serve as a senior in