探析抽油杆断脱原因与防治措施.doc

探析抽油杆断脱原因及防治措施 　　摘要:抽油杆的断脱是影响油田正常生产的主要因素之一。本文结合抽油杆断脱资料,对引起抽油杆断脱的主要原因进行了全面剖析,认为疲劳破坏、机械磨损、腐蚀损坏是导致抽油杆断脱的三大主要因素,提出了治理抽油杆断脱的措施。 Abstract: the sucker rod break off is one of the main factors that affect the normal oilfield production. Based on sucker rod break off materials, the main cause of sucker rod break off has carried on the thorough analysis, the fatigue damage, mechanical wear, corrosion damage is lead to three main factors of sucker rod break off, put forward the measures of governance sucker rod break off. 　　关键词:抽油杆;断脱;磨损;腐蚀;措施 Key words: sucker rod; Break off; Wear and tear; Corrosion; measures 　　1、引言 1, the introduction 　　近几年,随着油田挖潜力度的不断加大,油井泵深不断增大,而老油田抽油杆老化、斜井偏磨、腐蚀等问题日益严重,使得抽油杆断脱井次不断增加,不仅困扰着油井的正常生产,而且增加了采油成本,近几年这一矛盾表现得更加突出。 Rising in recent years, with the strength of oilfield exploration, the well pump depth increasing, the old oil fields in the rod ageing, inclined eccentric wear and corrosion problems are increasingly serious, makes the sucker rod break off Wells increasing, not only affects normal production of oil Wells, and increases the production cost, the contradictions appear more prominent in recent years. 　　2、抽油杆断脱原因分析 2, sucker rod break off cause analysis 　　抽油杆柱由于长期受交变载荷和油、气、水以及腐蚀介质的共同作用,再加之定向井的偏磨,使其成为机械采油中可靠性最低的设备,很容易发生断脱。导致抽油杆柱断脱的原因是多方面的,影响因素也错综复杂,主要应从以下三个方面进行剖析。 Rod string because of the long-term cyclic loading and oil, gas, water, and the common role of corrosive medium, plus partial grinding of directional well, making it the lowest reliability in mechanical oil recovery equipment, it is easy to break off. The causes of rod string breaks are various, influence factors are complicated, mainly analyzes from the following three aspects. 　　2.1疲劳破坏 2.1 fatigue damage 　　2.1.1抽油杆工作条件 2.1.1 rod working conditions 　　抽油杆在工作过程中,承受不对称循环载荷的作用,上部光杆承受的载荷包括:抽油杆柱的载荷,液柱载荷,抽油杆柱、油管柱和液柱的惯性载荷,抽油杆柱在运动中受的摩擦阻力,抽油管柱和油管柱的弹性引起的振动载荷,由液击引起的冲击载荷,由井斜变化、螺纹不同心、悬绳器摆动等因素造成的扭力等七方面的力。而抽油杆柱承受的载荷随深度有所变化,如抽油杆柱载荷越往下越小,加上下部抽油杆柱所承受的上顶力的作用,在中和点以下抽油杆柱由承受张应力变成压应力,迫使抽油杆弯曲,增大了扭力和摩擦力,使得